What is CNC machining?

CNC (computer numerical control) machining is the undisputed gateway to many of the exciting, intricate parts used today. It all starts with a design idea, which is further actualized through CAD design and finally, the CNC machining process. 

A CNC machine, which uses computer code to control the movement and speed of the machine and tools, is miles ahead of the conventional machine in terms of machining speed, part quality, expertise required, and part complexity. 

CNC machining is available as CNC milling, CNC turning, CNC grinding, and many other CNC machine manufacturing processes. These methods are highly regarded for their accuracy, precision, versatility, and scalability. Their limitations include high initial cost and size limitations. 

Found in automotive, aerospace, electronics, healthcare, and woodworking, either alone or as complementary to technologies such as 3D printing and extrusion.

This post gives a brief review of this amazing technology, highlighting the types, steps, materials, and applications. 

The Four Steps Of CNC Machining

The CNC machining process is built upon four main steps involving the CAD model, CAD model conversion, CNC machine setup, and the machining process. 

Step 1: CAD Model Creation

CAD software is used to generate a 2D or 3D model of the envisaged part. The difficulty of producing the CAD model depends on the complexity of the part. 

Step 2: CAD Model Conversion

CNC machines do not understand CAD language, so the CAD model is converted to CNC-friendly G code. Usually, Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software is used for this conversion. 

Step 3: CNC Machine Setup

The CNC machine must be set up in readiness for the CNC machining process. Some elements of setup are workpiece setup and fixturing, tool setup, and Work Coordinate System (WCS) establishment. All these and other settings must be set right for the machining results to be as expected. 

Step 4: The CNC Machining Process

The machining operation concerns executing the CNC program. Once CNC programming has been prompted, the machining process follows it to the end, the result being a CNC-machined part.

Depending on the requirements, the part can be taken through post-processing steps such as brushing, painting, anodizing, and electroplating. 

Different Types Of CNC Machining Processes

Computer control for material removal is a fundamental principle, but there are different CNC machining operations, including CNC turning, CNC milling, CNC drilling, and CNC grinding. 

The machining configurations and cutting tools for these operations are different, and so are their resulting parts. The forms and complexities of the CNC-machined parts are as diverse as the capabilities of these CNC precision machining processes. 

There is no better way to answer the question of What is CNC Machining than to outline the above and more CNC machining processes.

What Are The advantages of CNC Machining?

CNC machining offers various advantages as outlined below;

• High accuracy and precision
• Occurs with a wide variety of materials
• Simulated prototypes
• Higher part complexity 
• Retains prototype designs

What Are The Disadvantages/Limitations Of CNC Machining?

CNC manufacturing also has its limitations, the main ones being;

• Significant operator control means human error still has an effect
• Part size is limited by the CNC machine
• Relatively costly compared to conventional manufacturing 

How Much Does CNC Machining Cost?

The cost of CNC machining varies because it depends on part geometry or complexity, labor cost, type of CNC machine, power requirements/cost, and level of custom CNC machining. 

Critical components of CNC machining cost are production cycles, raw material cost, machining time, cutting precision & tolerance, and tooling. 

CNC Machining Materials

CNC machining is a versatile technology that accepts metals, alloys, engineering plastics, and even composites. Popular CNC machining metals include aluminum, stainless steel, and brass, while plastics include ABS and PP. 

Since these metals present different capabilities, choosing them appropriately can help in getting optimum performance in specific CNC machining applications. 

Various Applications Of CNC Machining

The advantages and versatility of CNC machining make it suitable for a wide range of applications. Here are the main industries that use CNC-machined parts:

• Automotive Industry
• Aerospace industry 
• Healthcare industry 
• Household Electronics Industry 
• Defense industry 
• Marine Industry
• Energy & Petroleum Industry
• Automation & Robotics
• Woodworking Industry
• Fashion & Accessories 

CNC Machining vs. Other Methods

Comparing CNC machining to alternative methods helps determine the optimal approach to getting parts. Manual machining may no longer be a viable option, but there are technologies like 3D printing, forging, extrusion, and casting to consider.

Each of these technologies offers its own set of advantages and limitations, which are derived from its working principle, suitable materials, expertise, tolerances, and other factors. 

Trends in CNC Machining

Advances in artificial intelligence, automation, and machinery technology are behind the massive growth being witnessed in CNC machining. Some specific interesting areas driving the technology today are;

• Autonomous quality control
• Real-time monitoring through smart systems
• Predictive maintenance 
• Enhanced and more accessible multi-axis machining systems

Conclusion

Wrapping it up, CNC machining is an established technology that continues to develop. CNC machining applications cut across numerous industries, with its various technologies offering the required versatility. 

So, if you were wondering whether Custom CNC services are what you require for your parts, now you know. Don’t be stuck on where to start. ProleanTech is a renowned provider with tentacles in China and overseas. Inquire today.